ante diem vi idus maias 214 (?) A.D. — birth of the future emperor Claudius II Gothicus 232 A.D. — martyrdom of Felix and Palmatius 238 A.D. — murder of Maximinus Thrax (by one reckoning) 250 A.D. — martyrdom of Epimachus at Alexandria 251 A.D. — martyrdom of Alphius, Philadelphus, Cyrinus, and Benedicta at Leontini [...]

ante diem vii idus maias Lemuria (day 1) — a festival involving assorted rituals to keep the ghosts of one’s ancestors happy

nonas maias 431 B.C. — the “Peloponnesian War” began (according to one reckoning) 399 B.C. — death of Socrates(according to one reckoning) 1941 — death of Sir James Frazer (The Golden Bough)

ante diem iv nonas maias 11 B.C. — dedication of the Theatre of Marcellus ca. 304 A.D. — martyrdom of Florian in what would become Austria ca. 304 A.D. — martydom of Pelagia at Tarsus 1406 — death of Coluccio Salutati (humanist and proto-Classicist)

ante diem vi nonas maias Floralia (day 6) — a festival originally ordered in response to an interpretation of the Sybilline books in 238 B.C., it fell into desuetude only to be revived in 173 B.C.; it was a general festival of drinking and other merriment in honour of Flora, who presided over (of course) [...]

kalendae maiae 1700 — death of John Dryden (poet and translator of many of the versions of ancient poetry which abound on the internet)

pridie kalendas maias ludi Florae (day 4) 65 A.D. — death of Marcus Annaeus Lucanus … a.k.a. Lucan (by one reckoning) 304 A.D. — beginning of Diocletianic persecutions under Galerius 311 A.D. — Edict of Toleration of Galerius 1936 — death of A.E. Housman

ante diem vii kalendas maias Robigalia — an ancient agricultural festival designed to appease the numen Robigo/Robigus who caused mildew 404 B.C. — Athens surrenders to Sparta, bringing the Peloponnesian War to an end (by one reckoning) 68 A.D. — martyrdom of Mark the Evangelist 1940 — death of Wilhelm Dorpfeld (excavator of Tiryns)

ante diem viii kalendas maias Vinalia (day 2?) 1184 B.C. — “conquest and destruction of Troy” (according to one reckoning) 339 B.C. — Timoleon defeats the Carthaginians at the Crimesus (according to one reckoning) 27 B.C. — the future emperor Tiberius dons his toga virilis

ante diem iii kalendas octobres 106 B.C. — birth of Gnaeus Pompeius 61 B.C. — Pompey celebrates his third triumph in recognition of his victories in the third Mithridatic War 48 B.C. — Pompeius Magnus, in the wake of his defeat at Pharsalus, is murdered as he steps ashore in Egypt (another possible date) 290 [...]

ante diem x kalendas octobres Mercatus — the Romans continue the shopping spree 479 B.C. — the Persian general Mardonius is killed in the Battle of Plataea (source? … seems a little late) 36 B.C. — the triumvir Marcus Aemilius Lepidus agrees to retire after losing all his military support to Octavian 19 B.C. — [...]

ante diem xviii kalendas octobres ludi Romani (day 10 ) equorum probatio — the official cavalry parade of the equites (in conjunction with the above) 23 A.D. — death of Nero Claudius Drusus (Drusus the Younger), son of the emperor Tiberius and Vipsania Agrippina 81 A.D. — official dies imperii of Domitian (recognition by the [...]

ante diem vi idus septembres ludi Romani (day 4) ca 15 B.C. — traditional date of the birth of Mary, mother of Jesus  

ante diem vii idus septembres ludi Romani (day 3) 15 A.D. — possible birthdate of the future emperor Vitellius (?) 70 A.D. — Roman forces under Titus occupy and plunder Jerusalem (one reckoning) 304 A.D. — martyrdom of Anastasius the Fuller

ante diem viii idus septembres ludi Romani (day 2) 81 A.D. — martyrdom of Onesiphorus 250 A.D. — martyrdom of Faustus in Alexandria 1956 — death of Michael Ventris, who deciphered Linear B (the ancient script used by the Myceneans)  

nonae septembres ludi Romani (day 1) 146 B.C. — dedication of the Temple of Jupiter Stator and associated rites thereafter c. 180 — martyrdom of Herculanus 1908 — birth of Arnaldo Momigliano

ante diem iv nonas septembres 31 B.C. — Octavian defeats Marcus Antonius and Cleopatra at Actium 490 B.C. — Pheidippides runs to Sparta for help against Persians at Marathon (one traditional date)

pridie kalendas septembres 12 A.D. — birth of the future emperor Gaius (Caligula) at Antium 40 A.D. — Gaius (Caligula) celebrates an ovatio after his attempted military campaigns in Gaul and Britain 161 A.D. — birth of the future emperor Commodus (and his twin, Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus)  

ante diem xvi kalendas septembres Portunalia — a festival in honour of the Roman god of harbours rites in honour of Janus at the Theatre of Marcellus ca 250 A.D. — martyrdom of Myron ca 270 A.D. — martyrdom of Paul and Juliana

ante diem xviii kalendas septembres 29 B.C. — triple triumph of Octavian (day 3)

ante diem iv idus sextiles 30 B.C. — Suicide of Cleopatra 7 A.D. — dedication of the ara Cereris Matris et Opis Augustae and associated rites thereafter 70 A.D. — Roman forces breach the walls of Jerusalem 1911 — birth of A.N. Sherwin-White (The Roman Citizenship)

ante diem v idus sextiles rites in honour of Sol Indiges on the Quirinal Hill 480 B.C. — Spartan forces under Leonidas fight a suicidal delaying action against Persian forces at Thermopylae (by one reckoning) 48 B.C. — The forces of Julius Caesar defeat Pompeius Magnus at Pharsalus 117 A.D. — official announcement that Trajan [...]

ante diem iii nonas sextilis supplicia canum — a ritual which was the ‘fallout’ from the story of the geese saving Rome from the Gauls; as punishment to the ‘watchdogs’ who didn’t bark, every year the Romans would crucify a dog 8 A.D. — victory of the future emperor Tiberius at Illyricum 178 A.D. — [...]