ante diem iv idus maias

19 B.C. (?) — dedication of the Temple of Mars Ultor on the Capitoline

2 B.C. — opening of the Forum of Augustus

113 A.D. — opening of the restored Temple of Venus Genetrix

304 A.D. — martyrdom of Dionysius and Pancras at Rome

ante diem v idus maias

Lemuria (day 2) — a private and public

appeasement of the dead; the Roman paterfamilias would rise at midnight to conduct a ritual involving beans and bronze

rites in honour of Mania — a Roman divinity who was considered the goddess of the dead; she was also the mother of the Lares

14 A.D. — Augustus’ last official census comes to an end

330 — Constantine renames Byzantium and makes it his capital

1988 — death of E.T. Salmon (Samnium and the Samnites)