Temple of Athena From Laodicea

Found another one from Hurriyet lurking in the depths of my mailbox (it’s a few weeks old):

During the excavations carried out in the ancient city of Laodicea in the Aegean province of Denizli, a temple dedicated to the weaver goddess Athena from the second century A.D. was found in the largest divine area.

The head of the excavations, Professor Celal Şimşek said the pieces found during excavations showed that the history of weaving dated back 4,000 years in Denizli, an area identified with the textile sector in modern Turkey.

“As far as we have learned from Laodicea, there are three temples in this 250-by-100 meter divine area. One was dedicated to Zeus and to Athena. There is a bust of Athena on a column in the temple. We are still searching for the god of the third temple.”

I’ll join Dorothy King in marvelling at the bust of Athena on the column of the temple from Laodicea. You can visit the original article for a small photo thereof, or check out this Turkish coverage, which includes a rather long video interview with Simsek and plenty of shots of the site (including an inscription/graffito I’m trying to wrap my head around). The video is in Turkish and I suspect he’s saying plenty of interesting things. On the ‘bust’, I suspect this would have been on the drum immediately under the capital, and so might almost be a Karyatid …

Roman ‘Fertility Eagle’ from Selkirk

The incipit of an item from the Selkirk Advertiser:

A Roman symbol of fertility found near Selkirk, shaped like an eagle emerging from a flower with a berry in its mouth, highlights the discoveries made in Scotland in this year’s Treasure Trove Report.

The talisman, excavated in 2010 by a local metal detectorist between Selkirk and Galashiels, is believed to have adorned a Roman wagon or chariot, and is the first relic of its kind to be found north of the border.

The report described the artifact as: “A copper alloy mount in the shape of an eagle head, the sacred bird of Juno, found near Selkirk. The eagle is depicted emerging from a flower with a berry held in the beak and was intended as a symbol of good luck or fertility. Mounts of this type were used on the supporting frames of Roman wagons and this is the first such mount from Scotland, with only a small number known from Britain.”

Selkirk historian Walter Elliot, to whom the finder took the object for identification, guessed its ancient origin by the “patination”: “I knew it was not a modern find because it was bronze-green with age. It looked very Roman, but I wasn’t sure.”

It took his friend, archeologist Dr Fraser Hunter of Glasgow University, who had seen an identical copper eagle in York, to identify the rare artifact as Roman. […]

… and here’s the small photo that’s included:

via the Selkirk Advertiser

Now unfortunately, as I write this, the Portable Antiquities Scheme seems to be doing maintenance or something and I can’t get an official description but check this thing out:

via the Portable Antiquities Scheme

… which is clearly an analog and is designated in the photo description as a cartfitting. Where this ‘fertility’ association comes from is beyond me.

Computed Tomography and Roman Coins (mostly)

Interesting press release from Southampton which has been making the rounds of the news outlets in various forms … here’s the first three-quarters or so:

Archaeologists and engineers from the University of Southampton are collaborating with the British Museum to examine buried Roman coins using the latest X-ray imaging technology.

Originally designed for the analysis of substantial engineering parts, such as jet turbine blades, the powerful scanning equipment at Southampton’s µ-VIS Centre for Computed Tomography is being used to examine Roman coins buried in three archaeological artefacts from three UK hoards.

The centre’s equipment can scan inside objects – rotating 360 degrees whilst taking thousands of 2D images, which are then used to build detailed 3D images. In the case of the coins, the exceptionally high energy/high resolution combination of the Southampton facilities allows them to be examined in intricate detail without the need for physical excavation or cleaning. For those recently scanned at Southampton, it has been possible to use 3D computer visualisation capabilities to read inscriptions and identify depictions of emperors on the faces of the coins – for example on some, the heads of Claudius II and Tetricus I have been revealed.

University of Southampton archaeologist, Dr Graeme Earl says, “Excavating and cleaning just a single coin can take hours or even days, but this technology gives us the opportunity to examine and identify them quickly and without the need for conservation treatment at this stage. It also has potential for examining many other archaeological objects.

“The University’s Archaeological Computing Research Group can then take this one step further – producing accurate, high resolution CGI visualisations based on scan data. This gives archaeologists and conservators around the world the opportunity to virtually examine, excavate and ‘clean’ objects.”

Dr Roger Bland, Head of Portable Antiquities and Treasure at the British Museum comments, “This scanning technique is already yielding some fascinating results and the possibility of identifying a hoard of coins in a pot, without removing them, is very exciting. Working with archaeologists and engineers at Southampton, it is exciting to be pioneering and exploring the potential of a process which is faster, cheaper and less interventive than excavation.”

The three objects examined at Southampton are:

• A cremation urn containing nine coins, dating from AD282, found in the Cotswolds. This item in particular would take months to excavate – with archaeologists needing to carefully examine bone fragments and remains to extract more information about its past.

• An estimated 30,000 Roman coins discovered in Bath, dating to around AD270 and concreted together in a large block weighing over 100 kilograms
(radiograph image only).

• A small pot dating to the 2nd century found in the Selby area of East Riding in Yorkshire.

There’s also a link to this video, which shows the Selby material imaging:

Coincidentally, perhaps, earlier this week we were getting the protoclassicist in the family oriented down the 401 at Queen’s University, and while he and his mom were doing the tour of residences (with him excited and mom disgusted, of course), I wandered up to my old stomping grounds in Watson Hall to see if anyone was around. They weren’t, but I did notice a couple of important things. First, the departmental coffee lounge was rather smaller (and cleaner) than I remember it, and second, it was nice to see that some of the Queen’s people’s posters from conference poster sessions were adorning the walls (I think I’ve mentioned I’m a big fan of such things). Anyhoo, one of those posters was by Kate Sullivan, who appears to have just graduated from the Art Conservation program at Queen’s (which has ties to Classics, natch) and the subject of her poster was Comparing X-ray Computed Tomography Images of Corroded Coins with the Results from Traditional Cleaning … I made a note of the name and was very surprised when I got home to find this Southampton thing (on pretty much the same technology) in my box. Even better, though, I managed to find Kate Sullivan’s poster on the web as a pdf  … (more of these please!).

Artemis from Parion

Another one from Hurriyet:

A sculpture depicting the goddess Artemis and estimated to be about 1800 years old has been discovered at an excavation site at the ancient city of Parion, near the village of Kemer in the Biga district of the northwestern province of Çannakale.

The excavation is being conducted by Professor Cevat Başaran, an instructor in the archaeology department at Erzurum’s Atatürk University, and is being carried out in six zones of the ancient city.
The marble sculpture was dug out in pieces at Odeion, one of the six excavation sites. Başaran, the head of the excavation, has announced that the sculpture depicts a clothed woman, is 1.70 cm tall and approximately 1,800 years old, and is a high quality sculpture of its kind. The excavators also found marble sculptures depicting animals including sheep and dogs.

“The bow and arrow in her hand indicates that the sculpture belongs to Artemis [Diana], the goddess of hunting, the wilderness and wild animals,” Başaran said.

I’m not sure whether the photo which accompanies the Sabah version of this story is the statue in question. Other than that, some Turkish coverage I came across has some photos of other finds made this season, but the text (via Google translate, of course) doesn’t really add anything. The last time we blogged about the dig at Parion was a couple of years ago, when they were excavating a necropolis and found a sarcophagus containing what was dubbed the Parion Princess … this find seems to be from the same necropolis.

Temple of Demeter at Selinunte?

Wonder if we’ll get more info in English on this one from ANSA:

Archaeologists have discovered what may be among the oldest remains at the ancient site of Selinunte: an ancient temple.

Inside, fragments have been found that help explain the site’s significance: an offering to Demeter, the goddess of grain and agriculture; a small flute, made of bone and dating to 570 BC; a small Corinthian vase.

These findings are critically important in helping archeologists to date the temple where they were found, to around the 6th century BC – possibly the oldest in the archaeological area of Selinunte in Sicily.

They’ve been unearthed in recent months by a team led by Clemente Marconi of New York University, working with the Department of Culture and Identity in Sicily and Selinunte Archaeological Park Together, they’ve also identified the remains of a central colonnade and nearby are pottery shards dated from around 650 BC, including a long vessel decorated with grazing animals.

The research confirms assumptions made about the history and age of temple.

Particularly significant, researchers say, was the discovery of the flute, which suggests musical performances and dances related to worship of the goddess Demeter, depicted on a series of Corinthian vases found in the area.

Researchers still hope to better understand the dimensions and the age of the temple, within the context of the full archeological site of Selinunte.

We should also note the coverage in La Repubblica:

Il rinvenimento è avvenuto durante gli scavi in corso nell’area archeologica trapanese. Gli studiosi: “È una scoperta notevole, che dimostra come la costruzione dei templi delle principali divinità della polis fosse uno degli atti eseguiti alla fondazione delle colonie e non successivo”

Ritrovati a Selinunte i resti di un tempio arcaico Una delle statuette ritrovate
I resti di un grande tempio arcaico che, alla luce dei dati stratigrafici e dei materiali archeologici risulta essere il più antico dell’area di Selinunte, sono stati ritrovati sotto il pavimento del tempio R.

Nei mesi scorsi erano già stati identificati parte del muro e del pavimento, adesso sono stati messi in luce due fori di palo di grandi dimensioni, che si possono meglio interpretare come i resti del colonnato centrale. La ceramica rinvenuta in prossimità dei fori di palo è stata datata intorno al 650-625 a. C., incluso un vaso dalla forma allungata (lekythos) di stile protocorinzio con animali che pascolano.

L’importante scoperta è avvenuta nel corso della campagna di scavi compiuta nell’ambito della convenzione tra il dipartimento dei Beni culturali e dell’Identità siciliana, il Parco Archeologico di Selinunte e l’Institute of Fine Arts della New York University con l’equipe diretta dal professor Clemente Marconi.

“È un’altra scoperta eccezionale – ha detto l’assessore regionale dei Beni culturali e dell’Identità siciliana, Sebastiano Missineo – dopo quella effettuata nelle scorse settimane nella parte sud della Villa del Casale di Piazza Armerina. È la prova, se ancora ce ne fosse bisogno, che la
Sicilia è un giacimento di tesori ancora in parte inesplorato, che devono essere tutelati e conservati per non lasciarli all’incuria o, peggio, nelle mani di trafficanti senza scrupoli. Il prestigio e il valore artistico di questi ultimi ritrovamenti, ottenuti grazie a importanti collaborazioni internazionali, conferma il ruolo innovativo dei parchi archeologici nel settore dello sviluppo della cultura e della ricerca, così come dimostrano i risultati ottenuti a Selinunte”.

Le ricerche, che si sono concentrate sul Tempio R, collocato subito a sud del Tempio C, hanno confermato le ipotesi formulate negli anni passati in base all’indagine all’esterno dell’edificio. In età ellenistica, verso il 300 a. C., l’interno del tempio R – così come si evince dallo scavo – è stato colmato con uno spesso riempimento di tegole, terra e anfore da trasporto, alto più di un metro.

Il risultato è stato di avere integralmente sigillato i livelli arcaici e classici del Tempio R, facendo oggi ritrovare perfettamente conservato il piano pavimentale del V sec., con abbondanti tracce di incendio, devastazione, e nel quale si sono rinvenute punte di frecce, riferibili alla presa cartaginese della città nel 409 a. C ma anche i frammenti di una lekythos attica a fondo bianco (ca. 480 a. C.) confrontabile in stile con analoghe opere del pittore Douris, o i frammenti delle terrecotte architettoniche policrome del Tempio C e di altri edifici arcaici dell’Acropoli.

Ancor meglio leggibile è il piano pavimentale di età arcaica: questo includeva, accuratamente incastrata nel pavimento all’interno della cella, una statuetta in terracotta della dea del tempio (più probabilmente Demetra), con basso polos e ampio mantello, databile con precisione agli anni intorno al 570 a. C. Contro i muri est e sud dell’edificio, all’interno della cella, sono state rinvenute numerose offerte votive che includono un numero significativo di vasi con funzione rituale, ceramica importata e terrecotte figurate, armi in ferro e in bronzo, ed elementi di ornamento personale, come braccialetti e vaghi di collana o un pendente configurato a torello di produzione egizia o fenicia.

Particolarmente significativo, tra queste offerte votive, un flauto in osso, ben conservato per due terzi della lunghezza originaria, e deposto attorno al 570 a. C. assieme ad un piccolo vaso corinzio. La dedica del flauto fa chiaramente riferimento a spettacoli musicali e danze collegate al culto della dea, raffigurate su una serie di vasi corinzi dedicati nell’area del Tempio R.

“I recenti scavi – ha spiegato Caterina Greco, dirigente responsabile del parco archeologico di Selinunte – hanno prodotto risultati della massima importanza per la nostra conoscenza non solo dell’area di studio, ma anche e soprattutto della storia del sito archeologico nella sua totalità. Si tratta di un recupero straordinario realizzato con fondi della New York University e con il coordinamento della direzione del Parco, una sinergia che a Selinunte ha prodotto i primi frutti di un moderno modello di gestione dell’indagine scientifica. Un apprezzamento, inoltre, alla squadra guidata dal professor Marconi, in cui operano fianco a fianco archeologi, architetti, antropologi, restauratori, disegnatori, esperti informatici, un gruppo in grado di elaborare e di disporre in tempo reale dei dati giornalmente acquisiti sul campo”.

“Questo predecessore del Tempio R – conclude Clemente Marconi, professore all’Institute of Fine Arts della New York University e responsabile dello scavo per la parte americana – è al momento il tempio più antico di Selinunte, e uno dei templi più antichi fin qui scavati in Sicilia. Le ulteriori ricerche potranno fornire ulteriori chiarimenti circa le dimensioni e la pianta dell’edificio: si tratta comunque di una scoperta notevole, che dimostra come la costruzione dei templi delle principali divinità della polis fosse uno degli atti eseguiti alla fondazione delle colonie, e non piuttosto un fenomeno di una o due generazioni più tardi, come suggerito dalla letteratura più recente”.

… which includes a photo of one of the finds (presumably the statue that is being identified as Demeter and lending its name to the temple). Among other finds made at the site (which is designated Temple R, and is south of Temple C, for those of you familiar with the site … I think this was the last place I used a camera which had film), there are piles of arrowheads, a lekythos in the style of Douris, and a bone flute dating to the early sixth century B.C..

The ruins at Selinunte (a.k.a. Selinus)  are definitely impressive, but not much seems to have gone on there after the Carthaginians sacked the placed in the third century B.C.. The Institute of Fine Arts has been digging there for a while, as has Clemente Marconi